One day, as punishment for defending herself against the bullying of her 14-year-old cousin John, the Reeds' only son, Jane is locked in the red room in which her late uncle had died there, she faints from panic after she thinks she has seen his ghost. Excluded from the family activities, Jane lives an unhappy childhood. The nursemaid, Bessie, proves to be Jane's only ally in the household, even though Bessie occasionally scolds Jane harshly. As a result, Jane becomes defensive against her cruel judgement. Mrs Reed also discourages her three children from associating with Jane. Jane's aunt, Sarah Reed, dislikes her and treats her as a burden. Jane's uncle, Mr Reed, was the only one in the Reed family who was kind to Jane. Jane was orphaned several years earlier when her parents died of typhus. Jane Eyre, aged 10, lives at Gateshead Hall with her maternal uncle's family, the Reeds, as a result of her uncle's dying wish. Young Jane argues with her guardian Mrs Reed of Gateshead, illustration by F. Throughout these sections, it provides perspectives on a number of important social issues and ideas, many of which are critical of the status quo. It has five distinct stages: Jane's childhood at Gateshead Hall, where she is emotionally and physically abused by her aunt and cousins her education at Lowood School, where she gains friends and role models but suffers privations and oppression her time as governess at Thornfield Hall, where she falls in love with her mysterious employer, Edward Fairfax Rochester her time in the Moor House, during which her earnest but cold clergyman cousin, St John Rivers, proposes to her and ultimately her reunion with, and marriage to, her beloved Rochester. Its setting is somewhere in the north of England, late in the reign of George III (1760–1820). The novel is a first-person narrative from the perspective of the title character.
The second edition was dedicated to William Makepeace Thackeray. It was originally published in three volumes in the 19th century, comprising chapters 1 to 15, 16 to 27, and 28 to 38. It, along with Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, is one of the most famous romance novels. The book contains elements of social criticism with a strong sense of Christian morality at its core, and it is considered by many to be ahead of its time because of Jane's individualistic character and how the novel approaches the topics of class, sexuality, religion, and feminism. Charlotte Brontë has been called the "first historian of the private consciousness", and the literary ancestor of writers like Marcel Proust and James Joyce. The novel revolutionised prose fiction by being the first to focus on its protagonist's moral and spiritual development through an intimate first-person narrative, where actions and events are coloured by a psychological intensity. Jane Eyre is a Bildungsroman which follows the experiences of its eponymous heroine, including her growth to adulthood and her love for Mr Rochester, the brooding master of Thornfield Hall. The first American edition was published the following year by Harper & Brothers of New York. It was published under her pen name "Currer Bell" on 19 October 1847 by Smith, Elder & Co. Jane Eyre ( / ɛər/ AIR originally published as Jane Eyre: An Autobiography) is a novel by the English writer Charlotte Brontë.
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